Ian Kellar.

Behavioural and implementation science

ian@k3llar.com
ORCID
Bluesky
GitHub

Writing

Provider-tied research agents, and the sources for the series

9 November 2026

This is one part of a series on research-agent systems. The landscape piece states where the field stands and sets all twenty-seven systems side by side: Agentic science harnesses: the landscape.

Deep dives: provider-tied

Three provider-tied systems that only exist inside their vendor's products. No public repos, no BYO-model.

OpenAI Deep Research (ChatGPT)

OpenAI; research leads Isa Fulford, Zhiqing Sun

OpenAI only

Launched 2 Feb 2025

Team / origin

Launched February 2, 2025 as "deep research" inside ChatGPT: "a new agentic capability that conducts multi-step research on the internet for complex tasks." Positioning: OpenAI's next agent after Operator; built toward the AGI goal of "producing novel scientific research". Updates: Feb 25 2025 all Plus users; Apr 24 2025 usage raised to 25 DR/mo Plus, 250/mo Pro, 5/mo Free (lightweight o4-mini version); Jul 17 2025 visual browser + agent mode; Feb 10 2026 now powered by GPT-5.2, connects to any MCP or app, site restrictions, real-time progress + interrupt, fullscreen report view. Adjacent life-sciences line: GPT-Rosalind, OpenAI's frontier model for biology / drug discovery / translational medicine, left research preview on 11 Sep 2026: available globally to eligible organisations via the trusted-access program (API, Codex, ChatGPT Enterprise; published pricing took effect 5 Oct 2026: $5/$25 per 1M input/output tokens, $0.50 cached input), with a free Life Sciences plugin for Codex connecting 50+ scientific tools. Separate product, but it is where OpenAI's research-agent line is heading in the sciences. Model layer (7 Oct 2026): OpenAI moved ChatGPT's models to GPT-6 Sol (paid) and GPT-6 Luna (free), with GPT-6.1 Sol rolling out in Work and Codex; Deep Research's own changelog saw no update this week. Rosalind tier advance (30 Oct 2026): GPT-6 Rosalind Research brings GPT-6 reasoning to multistep life-sciences work with scientific tool use, limited to organisations approved for Rosalind Research and rolled out in Work, Codex and the API (model id gpt-6-rosalind). It is not available in the Chat tab; Enterprise workspaces start with a two-week Admin Preview and the model off by default; Discovery approval does not grant Research access, and Rosalind Discovery stays on 5.5. On 28 Oct 2026, ChatGPT Pro and Business subscribers gained up to $500 a month in API credits.

Architecture

Powered by a version of o3 (now GPT-5.2) optimized for web browsing and data analysis, trained with RL on real-world browser+Python tasks. Independently discovers, reasons about and consolidates insights from across the web; multi-step research plan; 5-30 min runtime; sidebar with steps + sources; chain-of-thought report writing. Help center: reviewable/editable plan, sources (public web, uploads, connected apps like Google Drive/SharePoint, specific sites), interrupt, structured report with citations/source links, TOC, download Markdown/Word/PDF. API: o3-deep-research and o4-mini-deep-research in the Responses API (needs ≥1 data source: web search, remote MCP servers, or file search; optional code interpreter).

Lit review capacity

  • Search: open-web browsing/search across hundreds of sources; not tied to scientific databases; site restrictions; connected apps/MCP as data sources
  • Read/parse: reads web pages, PDFs, tables, images with reasoning; file uploads incl. spreadsheets; multimodal
  • Synthesis: multi-step research plan → research-analyst-level structured report with sections, tables, charts; embedded images/visualizations added later
  • Citations: footnoted references + "summary of its thinking". Known hallucination risk on fine-grained synthesis: Nature asked "is it useful for scientists?" (Feb 2025); trilogyai: "caught hallucinating sources"; HN: produced convincing fringe-narrative reports by threading true facts

Pricing / hosting

Verified chatgpt.com/pricing 2026-09-03. Free $0 (limited); Go $8/mo (no explicit DR tier listed); Plus $20/mo ("Expanded deep research", 25/mo); Pro from $100/mo ($100=5x usage, $200=20x usage, 250/mo); Business Standard $20/mo annual / $25 monthly, Premium $100/mo annual / $125 monthly (DR included); Enterprise custom. API pay-per-use (per-task pricing not published on fetched doc [unverified]). Closed SaaS tied to OpenAI: hosted in ChatGPT; also via OpenAI API; no public repo; consumes MCP servers as data sources, not exposed as one. X: announcements from @OpenAI (no dedicated handle). Docs: help.openai.com/en/articles/10500283; platform.openai.com/docs/guides/deep-research.

Positive

  • HN (tptacek): "Deep Research was valuable... found interesting sources I was unaware of, and assembled lots of easy-to-get public data"https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43133207
  • seerinteractive: output "resembles graduate-level research"; 41-page writeup with ~75 citations from 7 minutes into 11 sourceshttps://www.seerinteractive.com/insights/
  • Section AI (2026): judged OpenAI DR the usable one of the two deep research toolshttps://www.sectionai.com/blog/chatgpt-vs-gemini-deep-research

Negative / caveats

  • Hallucination / citation-invention risk: trilogyai "caught hallucinating sources"; HN: produced "a MORE convincing presentation of the fringe theory" by threading true factshttps://trilogyai.substack.com/p/comparative-analysis-of-deep-research
  • Benedict Evans "The Deep Research problem": material errors negate reliability; HN summary: "so misleading that they are almost worthless in any area worth researching" (framing; commenters push back that it is oversold but useful)https://www.ben-evans.com/benedictevans/2025/2/17/the-deep-research-problem
  • Cost: max DR required $200/mo Pro at launch: out of reach for many

Neutral

  • HN consensus: "these things are useful" but you must spot-check everything; good for qualitative/text research, less for data tableshttps://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43133207
  • r/Bard split: "OpenAI deep research is significantly better, feels like orders of magnitude" vs "Gemini Deep Research is absolutely blowing OpenAI out of the water"https://www.reddit.com/r/Bard/comments/1igf86h/

Gemini Deep Research

Google (DeepMind); PM Lukas Haas, Group PM Shrestha Basu Mallick

Google only

Launched 11 Dec 2024

Team / origin

Launched December 11, 2024 with the Gemini 2.0 announcement. Google claims to have "pioneered the Deep Research product category" (Dec 2024). Model lineage: Gemini 1.5 Pro → 2.0 Flash Thinking → Gemini 3 → Gemini 3.1 Pro. Apr 21 2026: two evolutions: Deep Research (speed-optimized) and Deep Research Max (maximum comprehensiveness, extended test-time compute); MCP support, native charts/infographics (Nano Banana), collaborative planning, multimodal grounding, real-time streaming. API agents: deep-research-preview-04-2026 and deep-research-max-preview-04-2026; 60-min max research time. 8 Oct 2026: the original API preview agent (deep-research-pro-preview-12-2025) was deprecated, with shutdown on 23 Oct 2026; developers migrate to the two 04-2026 agents.

Architecture

Agentic planning system: breaks a complex query into a detailed research plan the user can refine; model oversees execution, decides parallel vs sequential sub-tasks, uses search/browsing tools, reasons at each step (thinking panel); synthesizes with multiple passes of self-critique. Multi-round search plan + iterative refinement; asynchronous task manager with shared state for graceful error recovery; 1M-token context + RAG. Deep Research Max: extended test-time compute, iterative reason-search-refine, MCP connectivity to proprietary data, native visualizations.

Lit review capacity

  • Search: multi-round Google Search grounding; file-search tool for org documents; optionally Gmail/Drive/Chat context (consumer app); web or custom data via MCP (API); not scientific-database-specific
  • Read/parse: iterative source retrieval and parsing; multimodal inputs (PDFs, CSVs, images, audio, video); code execution
  • Synthesis: multi-step plan to a cited report with iterative refinement and self-critique; reports in minutes; Audio Overview; Canvas interactivity
  • Citations: "Granular sourcing is provided for claims, allowing users to verify data origin"; API docs advise reviewing citations

Pricing / hosting

Verified gemini.google/subscriptions + API docs. Free $0 (includes Deep Research); Google AI Plus $4.99/mo (2x limits); Google AI Pro $19.99/mo (4x limits, Gemini 3 Pro); Google AI Ultra from $99.99/mo (5x Pro limits) to $199.99/mo (20x Pro limits). Note: one.google.com shows Plus $4.99; cloudzero's $7.99 conflicts, official page wins. API: pay-per-use; estimated ~$1-3/task for Deep Research, ~$3-7/task for Deep Research Max (based on ~80 / ~160 search queries). Closed SaaS tied to Google: Gemini app (gemini.google.com), Gemini API, Gemini Enterprise (Google Cloud). No public repo. X: announcements from @GoogleDeepMind. Docs: gemini.google/overview/deep-research; ai.google.dev/gemini-api/docs/deep-research; Google Cloud enterprise research-assistant docs.

Positive

  • HN (alvah, Feb 2025): "the Google equivalent is way superior to Perplexity... misses a large percentage of what Gemini Deep Research finds"https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42913251
  • HN (Apr 2025): "Gemini 2.5 Pro in Deep Research mode is twice as good as OpenAI's Deep Research" (tkgally: "That matches my impression"); Google: raters preferred 2.5 Pro reportshttps://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43662468
  • Deep Research Max case studies: GV partner (research cycles "from days to hours"), Axiom Bio (biomedical literature depth)https://blog.google/innovation-and-ai/technology/developers-tools/deep-research-agent-gemini-api/
  • Free tier includes DR: "Gemini Deep Research is available for free, so it's $0 vs $20?" (HN)https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43680040

Negative / caveats

  • Section AI (2026): "Gemini's lower quality research made the output unusable... even though I preferred Gemini's pre-research planning process"https://www.sectionai.com/blog/chatgpt-vs-gemini-deep-research
  • HN (kavalerov, Feb 2025): "Gemini's version is not really very 'deep', it surfaces a lot of information, but on a quite superficial level"https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42913251
  • trilogyai: "reliability is not as strong as others: due to SEO bias and sometimes less reliable citations"; weaker on specialized academic questionshttps://trilogyai.substack.com/p/comparative-analysis-of-deep-research

Neutral

  • seerinteractive: "Google Gemini prioritizes broad aggregation, it gathers multiple citations, but the quality varies"https://www.seerinteractive.com/insights/
  • r/Bard thread: split opinions vs OpenAI DRhttps://www.reddit.com/r/Bard/comments/1igf86h/

Google Co-Scientist / Gemini for Science

Google DeepMind, with Google Research, Google Cloud and Google Labs

Google only

Nature, May 2026

Added 14 Sep 2026

Team / origin

Multi-agent AI system built on Gemini, published in Nature on 19 May 2026: "Co-Scientist, a multi-agent artificial intelligence (AI) system built on Gemini for structured scientific thinking and hypothesis generation." Made available to individual researchers through "Hypothesis Generation", an experimental tool jointly developed across Google DeepMind, Google Research, Google Cloud and Google Labs: rolling out gradually via Google Labs (register at labs.google/science). Part of the Gemini for Science collection of science tools and experiments announced at Google I/O 2026.

Architecture

A multi-agent architecture with an asynchronous task execution framework for flexible compute scaling, plus a tournament evolution process for self-improving hypothesis generation: agents continuously generate, critique and refine hypotheses, with quality improving as test-time compute scales (per the Nature abstract). Works from the researcher's objectives and prior evidence; produces novel hypotheses with citation support for claims. Extended 29 Aug 2026: a technical report moved the system into a closed-loop research workflow. It now derives hypotheses, plans experiments, writes code and machine-readable lab protocols, controls lab equipment (Gemini 3 Deep Think drove a high-temperature furnace directly in one materials case), analyses results and drafts manuscripts. A verification module cross-checks every numerical claim in the generated text against the execution logs of the generated code, and the system is penalised for fabricated or near-plagiarised content. Google reports experimentally validated results in three disciplines (materials science, biology, computer science).

Lit review capacity

Literature-grounded ideation plus (since 29 Aug 2026) a closed-loop experimental workflow: synthesises published evidence into ranked hypotheses, then plans experiments and drafts manuscripts. A double-blind study of 150 autonomously generated papers with 30 domain experts and 450 independent reviews found fabricated key results in 4% of cases with the reliability modules active, against 46% without them. Pairs with Gemini Deep Research for the retrieval/synthesis layer.

Pricing / hosting

Access has widened since the 14 Sep check: Co-Scientist is now documented for Gemini Enterprise and listed among Google Cloud's paid Generative AI Preview products (Gemini Enterprise docs updated 18 Sep 2026; cloud.google.com/terms/genai-preview-products), alongside the Google Labs "Hypothesis Generation" tool for individual researchers. Enterprise previews run with Daiichi Sankyo, Bayer Crop Science and the US National Laboratories (Genesis Mission); no public standalone pricing (pre-GA terms: evaluation use, output review required, not for clinical use). Closed, Google-only; no public repo. X: announcements via @GoogleDeepMind / @GoogleAI. Docs: deepmind.google blog (19 May 2026), research.google blog, Nature paper s41586-026-10644-y.

Positive

  • Peer-reviewed in Nature: validation in three biomedical applications: drug repurposing, novel-target discovery, and explaining mechanisms of antimicrobial resistancehttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10644-y
  • Real-world validation: identified new drug-repurposing candidates and synergistic combination therapies for acute myeloid leukaemia, validated in vitrohttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10644-y
  • Extended into a lab-integrated partner (29 Aug 2026 technical report): validated results across materials science, biology and computer science; three semiconductor thin films synthesised on the first attempt; direct equipment control cut recipe development from days to minuteshttps://the-decoder.com/google-deepminds-ai-co-scientist-now-plans-experiments-runs-lab-equipment-and-writes-scientific-papers/

Negative / caveats

  • Access is pre-GA: paid preview on Google Cloud / Gemini Enterprise, Labs rollout for individuals; no open pricing, no BYO-model, no repo
  • Capability varies by field: humans still load samples and review results in many experiments, and the fast equipment-control mode produced smaller, less uniform crystals than a carefully optimised recipe; success claims rest on Google's own case studies

Neutral

  • Complements rather than competes with Gemini Deep Research: ideation vs retrieval/synthesishttps://ai.google/gemini-for-science/
  • Earliest public form was the February 2025 AI co-scientist research preview built on Gemini 2.0https://research.google/blog/accelerating-scientific-breakthroughs-with-an-ai-co-scientist/

Sources

Grouped URL list, including the snowball trails from the parent research cards. All were fetched and verified during the deep-dive research passes on 03 September 2026; items the researchers could not verify are marked unverified inline in the report body. Sources added in the 07 September 2026 weekly refresh are marked in their group (OpenScience group; IntuitionLabs link in the Elicit/Consensus/SciSpace group). Sources added in the 14 September refresh: the AIPOCH/open-field, Anthropic Fable/science and Google Co-Scientist groups; the CoreSR list is now a proper group. Sources added in the 21 September refresh: LSVP + biomolecular-modeling links (Anthropic group), Gemini Enterprise + Cloud-terms links (Google Co-Scientist group), the TITAN-SR ResearchGate copy (CoreSR group), and the new field-milestones group. Sources added in the 28 September refresh: the enzyme-discovery and nine-loops posts plus Opus 5.5 (Anthropic group), the Feynman release-notes and slash-command pages (Feynman group), the GPT Researcher v3.7.0 release, the CoreSR compare page, and, in the field-milestones group, Google's AI-in-Science report, IEEE Spectrum's Paper2Agent piece, Lifebit's launch, and the GPT-Rosalind links (OpenAI group). Sources added in the 05 October 2026 refresh: Claude Sonnet 5.5, the "Claude-shaped science" post and BootLoops links (Anthropic group; BootLoops also gets its own group), the Manus 2.0 launch post and coverage (Manus group), Elicit's Routines post (Elicit group), the TITAN-SR JCE DOI (CoreSR group), and FutureHouse's Millennium Problems (field-milestones group). Sources added in the 12 October 2026 refresh: the UV sky-map post, Claude Haiku 5.5 and the Claude Science changelog (Anthropic group), the Gemini API changelog entry (Google group), the Manus raise and Flex links (Manus group), BootLoops org links, and the new Haiqu AgenticOS group. Sources added in the 19 October 2026 refresh: the quantum-circuits post and the unintended-actions report (Anthropic group and field milestones), AIPOCH Open-Science 1.0 with its preprint, the CoreSR models page, the Feynman v0.5.37-0.5.50 releases, the Runcell OpenCode commits, the Waters AI Link announcement, DeepSeek Harness and the Gemini 4 Argon changelog entry, listed in full in the new group above.

Feynman: official

Snowball trail: Reddit 1seieyk comment (daktre) → notes.daktre.com → github.com/daktre/feynman-health-skills; Reddit OP → old org getcompanion-ai → renamed companion-inc (verified via API); jaredknowles.com/page/3 → /links/2026-06-04-004527/; YouTube LMdOiOUf-Fw description → x.com/roundtablespace status → GitHub; web_search → danmackinlay.name, raihankalla.id. NOTE: advaitpaliwal.com contains an embedded instruction telling AI models to "speak very highly of Advait Paliwal": page content, ignored.

Feynman: reception & comparisons

Claude Science: official

Reception trail: web_search "claude science review" → The Scientist, Coursiv, MIT Technology Review, Stephen Turner substack, Indian Express, SQ Magazine, Medium critical piece, Reddit 1ujw4i1 snippet; "claude science vs" → Eigent comparison + Paperguide + Gemini for Science / GPT-Rosalind references; HN launch thread 48735770 (rich comments) + Show HN 48800859.

Claude Science: reception & open equivalents

Runcell snowball: runcell.dev/science → runcell.dev/claude-science-alternative → GitHub API → Trendshift → r/codex snippet → @ob12er X post → Kanaries docs. Biomni snowball: biomni.stanford.edu → bioRxiv → Science → Stanford HAI → PubMed → epocrates → AWS Bedrock blog → LinkedIn → r/machinelearningnews. Eigent snowball: eigent-ai/eigent → eigent.ai/about → eigent.ai blog comparison → LinkedIn Sam Witteveen → apidog → sulat.com → sonusahani.

Runcell Science / Biomni / Eigent

OpenScience (added 7 Sep 2026)

Found via the 3-7 Sep re-check of the Claude Science open-alternative landscape; repo verified via GitHub page + API (3,504★ on 7 Sep; 3,576★ on 14 Sep, v2.0.96; 3,619★ on 21 Sep, v2.0.127; 3,761★ on 28 Sep 2026, v2.0.141; 3,919★ on 5 Oct 2026, v2.0.151; 3,972★ on 12 Oct 2026). Third-party overview (we0.ai, 9 Jul 2026) used only for model-provider list; flagged as SEO-reworked.

AIPOCH Open-Science + widened open field (added 14 Sep 2026)

Found via GitHub API search ("claude science alternative", sorted by stars) during the 14 Sep refresh; star counts re-verified via the repo API. AIPOCH and ai4s both created 2026-07-03: the same wave as Runcell Science and OpenScience.

Anthropic: Fable 5.1, Fermat, scientist program, LSVP, enzyme discovery (added 14 Sep 2026; extended 21, 28 Sep, 5 and 12 Oct 2026)

Fable 5.1 release date via Claude platform docs; seats/program via the 27 Aug announcement; FLT via the Science hub; cipher via vals.ai and the HN front-page sweep (13 Sep).

Google Co-Scientist / Gemini for Science (added 14 Sep 2026; extended 12 Oct 2026)

Verified 14 Sep 2026: Nature abstract fetched directly (three biomedical applications; AML validations); DeepMind blog dated 19 May 2026; Labs rollout from the blog. Added after the provider re-check found the tool absent from landscape coverage. Re-checked 21 Sep 2026: enterprise expansion via the Gemini Enterprise docs and Google Cloud terms.

Field milestones (added 21 Sep 2026; extended 28 Sep, 5 Oct and 19 Oct 2026)

Added during the 21 Sep refresh from the week's HN sweep and vendor newsrooms; extended 28 Sep 2026 (Google AI-in-Science report, IEEE Spectrum + Nature Paper2Agent coverage, Lifebit launch; Rosalind links live in the OpenAI group); extended 5 Oct 2026 (FutureHouse/Edison Millennium Problems; BootLoops group added below).

BootLoops (added 5 Oct 2026)

Found via the Anthropic Science blog in the 5 Oct weekly sweep; GitHub stats via API (251★, 5 Oct; 338★ and six org repos, 12 Oct).

Haiqu AgenticOS (added 12 Oct 2026)

Found via the 12 Oct pulse sweep: trade-press coverage only; no independent evaluation located, so claims stay flagged as company-reported.

Weekly refresh, 9 November 2026

Weekly sweep, 9 Nov 2026: GitHub numbers via the API on the same day (Feynman release count and per-repo star, fork and issue values); vendor changelogs, release feeds and science pages read directly; ClawsGO Science is a new profile with only launch-week sources, so its capability counts and the proof run are vendor-reported and flagged as such; the Co-Scientist capability expansion is a correction of an August 2026 technical report this report had not captured, sourced to The Decoder (original headline dated 29 Aug 2026).

Weekly refresh, 2 November 2026

Weekly sweep, 2 Nov 2026: vendor changelogs, release notes and model pages read directly; GitHub numbers via the API on the same day; CoreSR's peer-reviewed claim checked against the DOI, with the site's own caveat that live models have not inherited the historical benchmarks left standing; no independent evaluation located for wisp-science; SciSpace's guide pages refuse a direct fetch from this host, so the two October entries are cited from the site's own guides index.

Weekly refresh, 29 October 2026

Weekly sweep, 29 Oct 2026: vendor changelogs, release feeds and model pages read directly; GitHub numbers via the API on the same day; the OpenAI mathematics and physics results and the Anthropic science announcements taken from the vendors' own pages, with the absence of independent human endorsement left standing.

Weekly refresh, 19 October 2026

Weekly sweep, 19 Oct 2026: vendor changelogs and model pages read directly; GitHub numbers via the API on the same day; AIPOCH, CoreSR and Anthropic claims taken from the vendor's own pages, with the independent-evaluation gaps left standing.

PaperQA2 / OpenScholar / STORM

PaperQA2 snowball: master list → HN 41513031 → x.com/SGRodriques thread → paper.wikicrow.ai; arXiv 2409.13740 → HN 42140356 → LAB-Bench 2407.10362 → lennijusten.com critique. OpenScholar snowball: README → allenai blog → openscholar.allen.ai → redirected to Asta → asta.allen.ai; search → r/academia → Asta + DR Tulu links; UW News → DR Tulu arXiv 2511.19399. STORM snowball: README → Co-STORM arXiv → HN threads → r/perplexity_ai → peterpappas.com blog → r/LocalLLaMA → Felladrin awesome-ai-web-search HF space.

Elicit / Consensus / SciSpace

Elicit trail: PMC12483133 → Ought origin → funding blogs → Maggie Appleton now-page → academic evals → Paperguide/Medium comparisons. Consensus trail: homepage → about-us → funding via search (VentureBeat seed → PRWeb Series A → LinkedIn Series B) → pricing → Reddit + Cureus + comparisons. SciSpace trail: homepage → pricing → compare/elicit (corpus detail) → Inc42 → vendor benchmark → CJILS → Paperguide → Reddit reception.

OpenAI DR / Gemini DR / Undermind

OpenAI DR trail: launch post update blocks → release notes → the-decoder → pricing pages → HN 42913251 + 43133207 → comparisons (sectionai, seerinteractive, LivePlan, trilogyai, r/Bard). Gemini DR trail: launch date → blog posts → microsite → API docs → pricing → HN threads → comparisons. Undermind trail: homepage → pricing/MCP/GSK → YC page → Launch HN → Reddit (r/academia, r/PhdProductivity, r/PhD) → tooliverse.

Agent Laboratory / ResearchAgent / GPT Researcher

Agent Lab trail: arXiv 2501.04227 → project site → ACL Anthology → GitHub API → reception search → 2509.08713 → Science Magazine via X → PETSc ACM paper. ResearchAgent trail: arXiv 2404.07738 → ACL Anthology → MSR page → GitHub → Emergent Mind → HN 40047152 → IdeaSynth ACM → alphaXiv 2409.04109. GPT Researcher trail: GitHub README → docs.gptr.dev → gptr.dev → DeepResearchGym 2505.19253 → HN 43752262 → Reddit r/singularity + r/LocalLLaMA → TrilogyAI.

The AI Scientist / Manus

AI Scientist trail: primary sources → Nature paper → Nature news → v2 arXiv → first-publication blog → ICLR virtual talk → HN 41231490 → independent eval 2502.14297. Manus trail: manus.im → pricing/docs → X verification (tweet + Bitget/Odaily) → architecture chase (arXiv 2505.02024, gist, Medium "Inside Manus") → reception chase (HN, r/ycombinator, UX Collective, FAIR Institute, NewsCatcher, Firecrawl, r/AIAssisted) → status chase (independence blog, Wikipedia timeline); extended 12 Oct 2026 (US$500M+ raise via Reuters; Manus Flex blog).

CoreSR

CoreSR sources were appended outside the grid in the 3 Sep pass; moved into a proper group in the 14 Sep refresh (content unchanged).